Income could take many forms, including:

Salary - Your hourly or annual payment for your services. This is what most people focus on in a negotiation, but it is only one component of your compensation.

Bonus - could be sign-on, relocation (if you're moving), or performance-based. The performance could be calculated by individual metrics or company goals, or both.

Other - like stock options, Restricted Stock Units, or other profit-sharing vehicles.

Investments can take a number of forms, including:

Retirement match - This can be a percentage or a dollar amount. And, it could be an automatic deposit, a dollar-for-dollar match, or a proportional match (for example, 50 cents for every dollar you contribute).

Health Savings Account - This type of savings account lets you set aside money on a pre-tax basis to pay for qualifying medical expenses (such as deductibles, copayments, and coinsurance).  You don’t pay taxes on this money.  This means you’ll save an amount equal to the taxes you would have paid on the money you set aside.

Flexible Savings Account - An FSA is similar to an HSA. The biggest difference is that FSA withdrawals can be made for childcare expenses as well as medical expenses.  Like the HSA, you can contribute to an FSA using your gross (pre-tax) pay, making the contributions tax free.

Commute - For public transit, it can be a bus or train pass. For private transit, could be for parking, gas, tolls. for either, it can be a fixed monthly stipend (which might be subject to income tax), or it could be billed directly to the company (so not subject to income tax for you).

Childcare - There could be an on-site or nearby childcare facility with reduced (or free) rates. This could also be a fixed dollar amount per child given to you. 

Student loan reimbursement - If you have student loans, this could come in the form of a fixed subsidy each year, or a pay-off after a number of years working there.

Other - This one includes so many things, including gym and fitness instructor memberships, laptop/phone/hot spot, conferences, training, and other education. Just make sure these are things you would actually use and thus value.

Healthcare - Health care costs can vary greatly from company to company, resulting in thousands, if not tens of thousands, of dollars of differences in cost between plans. Plans typically cover medical, dental, and vision, each with its own monthly premiums, co-pays, and deductibles.

Commute - The cost of getting to and from work can also vary greatly. If you drive, you may be paying not only gas and parking fees, but also additional wear and tear on your vehicle.  Public transit costs are a bit easier to calculate.

Working from home - If working remotely, you may incur costs like a robust internet connection, more in heating and A/C, and more in electricity.  You may also have purchased home office equipment - both furniture and IT-related items.  And, you're no longer getting free coffee or food in your workplace, so you're now paying for those benefits.

Uniform/clothes - You may need to maintain a certain professional image, whether that is a formal uniform, or just professional clothing and accessories.

Paid time off usually comes in one of three forms:

Vacation days - Measured in days or hours. Can be 5-25 days per year, depending on company policies, seniority, and other factors.

Holidays - Company-wide days off on which nobody works (or at least no one is expected to work.)

Personal/sick days - These are different from vacation days in that they are used for illness or to deal with a personal/private matter.

Note that paid time off is not the same as paternal leave, FMLA leave, unpaid leave, furlough, or any other government- or state-mandated leave.

Time spent does not just mean amount of hours you spend working at the job.  It also involves:

Commute time:  Time to get from home to the office.  This might vary if you have a hybrid schedule, or it might be zero if your work exclusively remotely.

Preparation time:  Time for getting dressed, hair, make-up, pack bag, make lunch, drop off kids at childcare, and the like.

All the time above is time during which you may not be getting paid, but it's time that you can't use to spend with family or friends.

The total time spent above is used as part of the "Total burden wage" calculation.

If the job requires a move, there are also:

State income taxes - the differences can be large, especially going from one of the nine states that do not levy a personal income tax to a state levying high rates on personal income. The CMT has a built-in calculator that estimates the state-level income taxes, given your filing status and number of dependents.

Cost of living differences - this is an admittedly subjective calculation, but it is important to get a general sense of the approximate difference in the cost of living between you current and possible future location.